ArrayExpress Uploader01642arrayexpress_sid3Purpose: In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), approximately 25% of patients suffer from relapse. In recurrent disease,...16899601E-GEOD-4698/profile/8773/arrayexpressuploader060acute lymphoblastic leukemiacelldiseasefaceleukemialymphoblastic leukemiaDec.12, 2014Falsetranscription-profiling-of-human-all-samples-fromE-GEOD-4698_A-AFFY-33Transcription profiling of human ALL samples from very early relapsed childhood patientsJun.19, 2014Purpose: In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), approximately 25% of patients suffer from relapse. In recurrent disease, despite intensified therapy, overall cure rates of 40% remain unsatisfactory and survival rates are particularly poor in certain subgroups. The probability of long-term survival after relapse is predicted from well-established prognostic factors, i. e. time and site of relapse, immunophenotype and minimal residual disease. However, the underlying biological determinants of these prognostic factors remain poorly understood. Results: We show here that patients with very early relapse of ALL are characterized by a distinctive gene expression pattern. We identified a set of 83 genes differentially expressed in very early relapsed ALL compared to late relapsed disease. The vast majority of genes was up-regulated and many were late cell cycle genes with a function in mitosis. In addition, samples from patients with very early relapse showed a significant increase in the percentage of S and G/2M phase cells and this correlated well with the expression level of cell cycle genes. Conclusions: Very early relapse of ALL is characterized by an increased proliferative capacity of leukemic blasts and up-regulated mitotic genes. The latter suggests that novel drugs, targeting late cell cycle proteins, might be beneficial for these patients that typically face a dismal prognosis. Experiment Overall Design: We performed gene expression profiling on 60 prospectively collected samples of children with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled on the relapse trial ALL-REZ BFM 2002 of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster study group.http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-4698humanhttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-4698/samples/