{"owner": "ArrayExpress Uploader", "pop_total": 0, "id": 2518, "factors": [{"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947240": {"GROUP": "C", "TREATMENT": "RBV"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947235": {"GROUP": "B", "TREATMENT": "IFN"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}, {"GSM94724": {"GROUP": "D", "TREATMENT": "IFN + RBV"}}, {"GSM947242": {"GROUP": "A", "TREATMENT": "None"}}], "ownerprofile_id": "arrayexpress_sid", "platform": 4, "summary_wrapped": "Background/Aims: Ribavirin improves treatment response to pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) in chronic hepatitis C but the mechanism remains...", "pubmed_id": 23396509, "geo_gse_id": "E-GEOD-38663", "owner_profile": "/profile/8773/arrayexpressuploader", "factor_count": 2, "sample_count": 52, "tags": ["chronic hepatitis", "chronic hepatitis c", "liver", "peripheral", "serum"], "lastmodified": "Dec.12, 2014", "is_default": false, "geo_gds_id": "", "slug": "effect-of-ribavirin-on-viral-kinetics-and-liver-ge", "geo_id_plat": "E-GEOD-38663_A-AFFY-44", "name": "Effect of Ribavirin on Viral Kinetics and Liver Gene Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C", "created": "Jul.12, 2014", "summary": "Background/Aims: Ribavirin improves treatment response to pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) in chronic hepatitis C but the mechanism remains controversial. We studied correlates of response and mechanism of action of ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C.  Methods: 70 treatment-na\u00efve patients were randomized to 4 weeks of ribavirin (1000-1200 mg/d) or none, followed by PEG-IFN alfa-2a and ribavirin at standard doses and durations. Patients were randomized to undergo a liver biopsy either 24 hours before, or 6 hours after starting PEG-IFN. Hepatic gene expression was assessed by microarray and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression quantified by the nCounter platform. Temporal changes in ISG expression were assessed by qPCR in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and by serum levels of IP-10.  Results: After four weeks of ribavirin monotherapy, HCV levels decreased by 0.5\u00b10.5 log10 (p=0.009 vs. controls) and ALT by 33% (p<0.001). Ribavirin pretreatment, while modestly augmenting the induction of ISGs by PEG-IFN, did not modify the virological response to subsequent PEG-IFN and ribavirin treatment. However, biochemical, but not virological response to ribavirin monotherapy predicted response to subsequent combination treatment (rapid virological response, 71% in biochemical responders vs. 22% non-responders, p=0.01; early virological response, 100% vs. 68%, p=0.03, sustained virological response 83% vs. 41%, p=0.053). Ribavirin monotherapy lowered serum IP-10 levels but had no effect on ISG expression in PBMC.   Conclusion: Ribavirin is a weak antiviral but its clinical effect in combination with PEG-IFN seems to be mediated by a separate, indirect mechanism, which may act to reset the interferon responsiveness in HCV-infected liver. Ribavirin pretreatment does not alter the clinical outcome of subsequent combination therapy. Analysis of liver biopsy samples from 52 patients under 4 different treatment conditions.", "source": "http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-38663", "species": "human", "sample_source": "http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-38663/samples/"}