6ArrayExpress Uploaderarrayexpress_sidmouse54330http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-11924After activation, CD4+ helper T (Th) cells differentiate; into distinct effector subsets. Although chemokine; (C-X-C motif) receptor.../profile/8773/arrayexpressuploader02cellchemokineinterleukinDec.12, 2014FalseE-GEOD-11924_A-AFFY-45transcription-profiling-of-mouse-splenic-cd4cxcr5Transcription profiling of mouse Splenic CD4+CXCR5+ T (TFH) cellsNov.10, 2014After activation, CD4+ helper T (Th) cells differentiate; into distinct effector subsets. Although chemokine; (C-X-C motif) receptor 5-expressing T follicular; helper (Tfh) cells are important in humoral immunity,; their developmental regulation is unclear. Here we; show that Tfh cells had a distinct gene expression; profile and developed in vivo independently of the; Th1 or Th2 cell lineages. Tfh cell generation was regulated; by ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on B cells; and was dependent on interleukin-21 (IL-21), IL-6,; and signal transducer and activator of transcription; 3. However, unlike Th17 cells, differentiation of Tfh; cells did not require transforming growth factor; b (TGF-b) or Th17-specific orphan nuclear receptors; RORa and RORg in vivo. Finally, naive T cells activated; in vitro in the presence of IL-21 but not; TGF-b signaling preferentially acquired Tfh gene; expression and promoted germinal-center reactions; in vivo. This study thus demonstrates that Tfh is a; distinct Th cell lineage. Experiment Overall Design: Splenic CD4+CXCR5+ T cells were isolated from KLH-immunized mice and restimulated with anti-CD3 for 4 hours before total RNA preparation. Affymetrix gene chips were used to analyze their gene expression.E-GEOD-11924http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-11924/samples/